中国菜肴在烹饪中有许多流派。其中最有影响和代表性的也为社会所公认的有：鲁、 川、 粤、 闽、 苏、 浙、湘、 徽等菜系，即被人们常说的中国“八大菜系”。
一个菜系的形成和它的悠久历史与独到的烹饪特色分不开的。同时也受到这个地区的自然地理、气候条件、资源特产、饮食习惯等影响。有人把“八大菜系”用拟人化的手法描绘为：苏、浙菜好比清秀素丽的江南美女；鲁、皖菜犹如古拙朴实的北方健汉；粤、闽菜宛如风流典雅的公子；川、湘菜就象内涵丰富充实、才艺满身的名士。中国“八大菜系”的烹调技艺各具风韵，其菜肴之特色也各有千秋。
一、 鲁菜 (LU)
宋以后鲁菜就成为“北食”的代表。明、清两代，鲁菜已成宫廷御膳主体，对京、津东北各地的影响较大，现今鲁是由济南和胶东两地的地方菜演化而成的。其特点是清香、鲜嫩、味纯而著名，十分讲究清汤和奶汤的调制，清汤色清而鲜，奶汤色白而醇。济南菜擅长爆、烧、炸、炒，其著名品种有“糖醋黄河鲤鱼”、“九转大肠”、“汤爆双脆”、“烧海螺”、“烧蛎蝗”、“烤大虾”、“清汤燕窝”等。胶东菜以烹制各种海鲜而驰名，口味以鲜为主，偏重清淡，其著名品种有“干蒸加吉鱼”、“油爆海螺”等。建国后，创新名菜的品种有“扒原壳鲍鱼”、“奶汤核桃肉”、“白汁瓤鱼”、“麻粉肘子”等。
Shandong Cuisine, commonly and simply known as Lu cuisine, can be said to be the best of the Eight Regional Cuisines of China. With a long history, Shandong Cuisine once formed an important part of the imperial cuisine and was widely promoted in the north China. However it isn’t so popular in south China and even in the all-embracing Shanghai.
Shandong Cuisine is featured by a variety of cooking techniques and seafood. The typical dishes on local menu are braised abalone, braised trepang, sweet and sour carp, Jiuzhuan Dachang and Dezhou Chicken. Various Shandong snacks are also worth trying.
二、川菜 (Chuan)
在秦末汉初就初具规模。唐宋时发展迅速，明清已富有名气，现今川菜馆遍布世界。正宗川菜以四川成都、重庆两地的菜肴为代表。重视选料，讲究规格，分色配菜主次分明，鲜艳协调。其特点是酸、甜、麻、辣香、油重、味浓，注重调味，离不开三椒（即辣椒、胡椒、花椒）和鲜姜，以辣、酸、麻脍炙人口，为其他地方菜所少有，形成川菜的独特风味，享有“一菜一味，百菜百味”的美誉。烹调方法擅长于烤、烧、干煸、蒸。川菜善于综合用味，收汁较浓，在咸、甜、麻、辣、酸五味基础上，加上各种调料，相互配合，形成各种复合味，如家常味、咸鲜味、鱼香味、荔枝味怪味等二十三种。代表菜肴的品种有“大煮干丝”、“黄焖鳗”、“怪味鸡块”、“麻婆豆腐”等
Szechuan cuisine, also called?Sichuan cuisine, is a style of Chinese cuisine originating in the?Sichuan Province of southwestern China famed for bold flavors, particularly the pungency and spiciness resulting from liberal use of?garlic and?chili peppers, as well as the unique flavour of the?Sichuan peppercorn (花椒).?Peanuts,?sesame paste and?ginger are also prominent ingredients in Szechuan cooking
三、粤菜 (Yue)
西汉时就有粤菜的记载，南宋时受御厨随往羊城的影响，明清发展迅速20世纪随对外通商，吸取西餐的某些特长，粤菜也推向世界，仅美国纽约就有粤菜馆数千家。粤菜是以广州、潮州、东江三地的菜为代表而形成的。菜的原料较广，花色繁多，形态新颖，善于变化，讲究鲜、嫩、爽、滑，一般夏秋力求清淡，冬春偏重浓醇。调味有所谓五滋（香、松、臭、肥、浓）、六味（酸、甜、苦、咸、辣、鲜）之别。其烹调擅长煎、炸、烩、炖、煸等，菜肴色彩浓重，滑而不腻。尤以烹制蛇、狸、猫、狗、猴、鼠等野生动物而负盛名，著名的菜肴品种有“三蛇龙虎凤大会”、“五蛇羹”、“盐 火局鸡”、“蚝油牛肉”、“烤乳猪”、“干煎大虾碌”和“冬瓜盅”等。
Tasting clean, light, crisp and fresh, Guangdong cuisine, familiar to Westerners, usually has fowl and other meats that produce its unique dishes. The basic cooking techniques include roasting, stir-frying, sauteing, deep-frying, braising, stewing and steaming. Steaming and stir-frying are most frequently used to preserve the ingredients’ natural flavors.
四、闽菜 (Min)
起源于福建省闽候县。它以福州、泉州、厦门等地的菜肴为代表发展起来的。其特点是色调美观，滋味清鲜而著称。烹调方法擅长于炒、溜、煎、煨，尤以“糟”最具特色。由于福建地处东南沿海，盛产多种海鲜，如海鳗、蛏子、鱿鱼、黄鱼、海参等，因此，多以海鲜为原料烹制各式菜肴，别具风味。著名菜肴品种有“佛跳墙”、“醉糟鸡”、“酸辣烂鱿鱼”、“烧片糟鸡”、“太极明虾”、“清蒸加力鱼”、“荔枝肉”等。
Fujian cuisine is a traditional Chinese cuisine.Many diverse seafoods are used, including hundreds of types of fish, shellfish and turtles, provided by the Fujian coastal region.Woodland delicacies such as?edible mushrooms and?bamboo shoots are also utilized.?Slicing techniques are valued in the cuisine, and utilized to enhance the flavor, aroma and texture of seafood and other foods.?Fujian cuisine is often served in a broth or soup, and cooking techniques include braising, stewing, steaming and boiling.
五、苏菜 (Su)
起始于南北朝时期，唐宋以后，与浙菜竞修秀，成为“南食”两大台柱之一。江苏菜是由苏州、扬州、南京、镇江四大菜为代表而构成的。其特点是浓中带淡，鲜香酥烂，原汁原汤浓而不腻，口味平和，咸中带甜。其烹调技艺擅长于炖、焖、烧、煨、炒而著称。烹调时用料严谨，注重配色，讲究造型，四季有别。苏州菜口味偏甜，配色和谐；扬州菜清淡适口，主料突出，刀工精细，醇厚入味；南京、镇江菜口味和醇，玲珑细巧，尤以鸭制的菜肴负有盛名。著名的菜肴品种有“清汤火方”、“鸭包鱼翅”、“松鼠桂鱼”、“西瓜鸡”、“盐水鸭”等。
Jiangsu cuisine, also known as Su (Cai) Cuisine for short, is one of the major components of Chinese cuisine, and consists of the styles of Yangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou and Zhenjiang dishes. It is very famous in the whole world for its distinctive style and taste. It is especially popular in the lower reach of the Yangtze River.
Typical courses of Jiangsu cuisine are Jinling salted dried duck (Nanjing’s most famous dish), crystal meat (pork heels in a bright, brown sauce), clear crab shell meatballs (pork meatballs in crab shell powder, fatty, yet fresh), Yangzhou steamed Jerky strips (dried tofu, chicken, ham and pea leaves), triple combo duck, dried duck, and Farewell My Concubine (soft-shelled turtle stewed with many other ingredients such as chicken, mushrooms and wine).
六、浙菜 (Zhe)
以杭州、宁波、绍兴、温州等地的菜肴为代表发展而成的。其特点是清、香、脆、嫩、爽、鲜。浙江盛产鱼虾，又是著名的风景旅游胜地，湖山清秀，山光水色，淡雅宜人，故其菜如景，不少名菜，来自民间，制作精细，变化较多。烹调技法擅长于炒、炸、烩、溜、蒸、烧。久负盛名的菜肴有“西湖醋鱼”、“生爆蟮片”、“东坡肉”、“龙井虾仁”、“干炸响铃”、“叫化童鸡”、“清汤鱼圆”、“干菜焖肉”、“大汤黄鱼”、“爆墨鱼卷”、“锦绣鱼丝” 等。
Zhejiang cuisine is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of China. It is derived from the native cooking styles of the Zhejiang region in China. Food made in the Zhejiang style is not greasy, having instead a fresh and soft flavor with a mellow fragrance. The cuisine consists of at least three styles, each originating from a city in the province: Hangzhou style: Characterized by rich variations and the utilization of bamboo shoots. Which is served by the well known restaurants such as the Dragon Well Manor (龙井草堂). Shaoxing style: Specializes in poultry and freshwater fish Ningbo style: Specializing in seafood, with emphasis on freshness and salty dishes.
七、湘菜
以湘江流域、洞庭湖区和湘西山区的菜肴为代表发展而成的。其特点是用料广泛，油重色浓，多以辣椒、熏腊为原料，口味注重香鲜、酸辣、软嫩。烹调方法擅长腊、熏、煨、蒸、炖、炸、炒。其著名菜肴品种有“腊味合蒸”、“东安子鸡”、“麻辣子鸡”、“红煨鱼翅”、“汤泡肚”、“冰糖湘莲”、“金钱鱼”等。
Hunan cuisine is well known for its hot spicy flavor,fresh aroma and deep color. Common cooking techniques include stewing, frying, pot-roasting, braising, and smoking. Due to the high agricultural output of the region, ingredients for Hunan dishes are many and varied.
八、徽菜 (Hui)
以沿江、沿淮、徽洲三地区的地方菜为代表构成的。其特点是选料朴实，讲究火功，重油重色 ，味道醇厚，保持原汁原味。徽菜以烹制山野海味而闻名，早在南宋时，“沙地马蹄鳖，雪中牛尾狐”，就是那时的著名菜肴了。其烹调方法擅长于烧、焖、炖。著名的菜肴品种有“符离集烧鸡”、“火腿炖甲鱼”、“腌鲜桂鱼”、“火腿炖鞭笋”、“雪冬烧山鸡”、“红烧果子狸”、“奶汁肥王鱼”、“毛峰熏鲥鱼”等。
Anhui cuisine is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of China. It is derived from the native cooking styles of the Huangshan Mountains region in China and is similar to Jiangsu cuisine.
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